India’s climate is strongly influenced by the Himalayas and the Thar Desert, both of which drive the monsoons. The Himalayas prevent the cold Central Asian katabatic winds from blowing in, keeping the bulk of the Indian subcontinent warmer than most locations at similar latitudes. The Thar Desert plays a crucial role in attracting the moisture-laden southwest summer monsoon winds that, between June and October, provide the majority of India’s rainfall.
Most of the rain in the region falls between June and September, during the southwest monsoon season. Typically, the monsoon begins in Kerala and the far northeast in late May or early June and moves north and west to extend over the rest of the area by the end of June. The monsoon begins to retreat from the northwest at the beginning of September, and usually withdraws completely by mid-October.
Rain continues, however, in the southern peninsula and in the southeast; around half the annual rain falls between October and mid-December. This is brought by winds coming from the northeast during the monsoon. In contrast, in much of the northern part of the subcontinent there is generally clear, dry weather in October, November, and early December. Low-pressure systems from the east and west during this season do, however, bring some light to moderate precipitation to Pakistan and northern India.
It can be very cold in northern and central India from November to mid-March, with temperatures dropping into the upper 30s Fahrenheit (sometimes even 20s!) at night and early mornings. This can make our early morning wildlife drives in open safari vehicles extremely cold! During the day it can reach the 80s Fahrenheit but, if you are not in the sun, it can still feel cool. Temperatures start to warm up in late March, but the early mornings can still be chilly.
The weather in Ranthambore and Tadoba national parks during the summer months of April, May and June is extremely hot and primarily dry. Temperatures can soar well over 100 degrees Fahrenheit, with lows only dipping into the mid-80s Fahrenheit. However, as we will be approaching the start of the monsoon season in late June, there is always a chance of rain at this time of year.